S3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compoundsIB Chemistry HL: Flashcards
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What is an amido group?
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- What is an amido group?
- –CONH–: nitrogen bonded to a carbonyl carbon.
- Name CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂Cl.
- 1-chloro-2-methylbutane.
- Two conditions for cis–trans isomerism?
- Restricted rotation (C=C or ring) and two different groups on each carbon involved.
- Does but-1-ene show cis–trans isomerism?
- No: carbon 1 carries two hydrogen atoms.
- What is a chiral carbon?
- A carbon bonded to four different groups.
- Define enantiomers.
- Non-superimposable mirror-image stereoisomers.
- What is a racemic mixture?
- An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers; no net optical rotation.
- How do enantiomers differ chemically?
- Only in chiral environments, e.g. with enzymes.
- What does the molecular ion show?
- The relative molecular mass of the compound.
- Fragment at m/z = 45?
- COOH⁺.
- IR: very broad 2500–3000 cm⁻¹?
- O–H in a carboxylic acid.
- IR: 1700–1750 cm⁻¹?
- C=O.
- What four pieces of information does a ¹H NMR spectrum give?
- Number of environments, chemical shift, relative number of H (integration), neighbouring H (splitting).
- A quartet (2 H) and a triplet (3 H) indicate?
- An ethyl group, CH₃CH₂–.
- Why can't IR distinguish ethyl ethanoate from methyl propanoate?
- They contain the same types of bond.