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S3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compoundsIB Chemistry HL: Flashcards

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What is an amido group?

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What is an amido group?
–CONH–: nitrogen bonded to a carbonyl carbon.
Name CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂Cl.
1-chloro-2-methylbutane.
Two conditions for cis–trans isomerism?
Restricted rotation (C=C or ring) and two different groups on each carbon involved.
Does but-1-ene show cis–trans isomerism?
No: carbon 1 carries two hydrogen atoms.
What is a chiral carbon?
A carbon bonded to four different groups.
Define enantiomers.
Non-superimposable mirror-image stereoisomers.
What is a racemic mixture?
An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers; no net optical rotation.
How do enantiomers differ chemically?
Only in chiral environments, e.g. with enzymes.
What does the molecular ion show?
The relative molecular mass of the compound.
Fragment at m/z = 45?
COOH⁺.
IR: very broad 2500–3000 cm⁻¹?
O–H in a carboxylic acid.
IR: 1700–1750 cm⁻¹?
C=O.
What four pieces of information does a ¹H NMR spectrum give?
Number of environments, chemical shift, relative number of H (integration), neighbouring H (splitting).
A quartet (2 H) and a triplet (3 H) indicate?
An ethyl group, CH₃CH₂–.
Why can't IR distinguish ethyl ethanoate from methyl propanoate?
They contain the same types of bond.