Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structureEdexcel A-Level Biology A: Mind map

Exam questions on Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure

1. A technician examines a transmission electron micrograph of a liver cell. The cell has a large round nucleus containing a densely staining region, many rod-shaped structures with a folded inner membrane, a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs with small vesicles budding from the edges, and many small round structures bounded by a single membrane and containing digestive enzymes.
   The cell contains many mitochondria. Explain how the structure of a mitochondrion makes it well suited to producing ATP.2 marks
2. A microbiologist compares a rod-shaped bacterium with a yeast cell. The bacterium has a cell wall, a capsule, a flagellum, small ribosomes and a loop of DNA lying free in the cytoplasm. The yeast cell is eukaryotic.
   An antibiotic binds to the ribosomes of the bacterium but does not stop protein synthesis in human cells. Suggest why.2 marks
3. A student studies an electron micrograph of a mitochondrion. On the printed micrograph the mitochondrion measures 45 mm in length and the magnification of the micrograph is ×15 000. The student's teacher says that a light microscope could not show the internal structure of the mitochondrion.
   Calculate the actual length of the mitochondrion. Give your answer in micrometres (µm).3 marks