IGCSE›Oxford AQA IGCSE Biology›Mind mapsCell structureOxford AQA IGCSE Biology: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsAnimal cellsMembrane controls what enters and leavesCytoplasm is where reactions happenNucleus controls activities, holds DNAMitochondria release energy in aerobic respirationRibosomes make proteinsPlant extrasCell wall of cellulose gives supportLarge vacuole stores water, keeps turgorChloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesisAnimal cells lack these: mobile, feed on othersBacterial cellsNo nucleus, circular DNA in nucleoidPlasmids carry extra genes, e.g. resistanceCell wall of peptidoglycanFlagellum whips to move the cellSmaller 70S ribosomesCell structureanimal, plant, bacterianmμmmmmEukaryote vs prokaryoteEukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleusEukaryote DNA: linear chromosomesProkaryotes are smaller, 1–10 μmEukaryotes are 10–100 μmMicroscopymagnification=image sizeactual size\text{magnification} = \frac{\text{image size}}{\text{actual size}}magnification=actual sizeimage sizeConvert units first, then calculate1 mm = 1000 μm1 μm = 1000 nm50 μm = 0.05 mmExam tipsName the structure and its functionSay vacuoles are large in plants, not absent in animalsBacterial wall is not celluloseShow unit conversion as working