IGCSE›Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry›Mind mapsSolids, Liquids and GasesCambridge IGCSE Chemistry: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsPropertiesSolid: fixed shape and fixed volumeLiquid: fixed volume, takes shape of containerGas: no fixed shape or volume, easily compressedSolids and liquids cannot be compressedParticle modelSolid: tightly packed, vibrate about fixed positionsLiquid: close together, slide past each otherGas: far apart, fast random movementGas forces of attraction are negligibleChanges of stateMelting: solid → liquid; freezing is the reverseBoiling: throughout liquid at boiling pointEvaporation: surface only, at any temperatureCondensing: gas → liquid, energy removedStates of mattersolids, liquids, gasesslgHeating curvesSloping section: particles gain kinetic energyPlateau: temperature constant during change of statePlateau energy breaks forces of attractionMelting point = freezing pointGas volumeHigher temperature → volume increasesHigher pressure → volume decreasesExplain using collisions with container wallsConvert °C to K: add 273Exam tipsJustify a state with two propertiesState the direction of each change of stateTemperature does not rise during a plateau