IGCSE›Oxford AQA IGCSE Chemistry›Mind mapsThe Three States of MatterOxford AQA IGCSE Chemistry: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsThree statesSolid: fixed shape and volumeLiquid: fixed volume, no fixed shapeGas: no fixed shape or volumeParticle arrangementSolid: regular, closely packedLiquid: random, close togetherGas: far apart, randomMovementSolid particles vibrate in fixed positionsLiquid particles slide past each otherGas particles move quickly in all directionsStates of mattersolid, liquid, gasChanging stateMelting: solid → liquidFreezing: liquid → solidBoiling: liquid → gasCondensing: gas → liquidA physical change, so reversibleEnergy changesMelting and boiling take in energyFreezing and condensing release energyHeating gives particles more energyCooling makes forces pull particles closerExam tipsTemperature is constant during a change of stateDo not say temperature keeps rising while meltingEnergy goes into changing arrangement, not temperature