GCSE›Edexcel GCSE Chemistry›Mind mapsObtaining & Using MetalsEdexcel GCSE Chemistry: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsReactivity seriesK, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, (C), Zn, Fe, (H), Cu, Ag, AuMore reactive metals form cations more readilyMore reactive metal displaces less reactiveMg displaces copper from copper sulfateDisplacement is redox (Higher)ExtractionMetals come from ores in the crustExtraction is reduction: loss of oxygenBelow carbon (iron): heat with carbonAbove carbon (aluminium): electrolysisGold is found uncombinedBiological (Higher)Bioleaching: bacteria release metal ionsPhytoextraction: plants absorb metal, then burnedSuited to low-grade oresSlower but lower environmental impactMetalsobtaining and usingKNaFeCuRecyclingSaves energy compared with extractionPreserves raw materials and reduces miningReduces landfill wasteLowers production costsLife-cycle assessmentRaw materials, manufacture, use, disposalCompares environmental impact of productsLess reactive metals resist corrosion betterExam tipsLink method to reactivity and cost