C1.1 Enzymes and metabolismIB Biology SL: Flashcards

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What is metabolism?

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What is metabolism?: The complex network of interdependent and interacting chemical reactions in a living organism.
Why do cells need so many different enzymes?: Enzymes are specific, so each reaction needs its own enzyme.
Anabolism: give three examples.: Protein synthesis, glycogen formation, photosynthesis.
Catabolism: give two examples.: Hydrolysis of macromolecules in digestion; oxidation of substrates in respiration.
What is the active site made of?: A few amino acids, but its properties depend on the whole 3D structure of the enzyme.
What is induced fit?: Both substrate and enzyme change shape when the substrate binds.
Why is molecular motion needed for catalysis?: Substrate and active site must collide; one may be immobilised but the other must move.
What is denaturation?: A change in the 3D structure of the enzyme that alters the active site so the substrate cannot bind.
Why does rate increase with temperature below the optimum?: More kinetic energy, so more frequent collisions between substrate and active site.
Why does rate level off at high substrate concentration?: All active sites are occupied (saturation).
How do you calculate rate from an endpoint time?: Rate = 1/time.
How do enzymes affect activation energy?: They lower it, without changing the overall energy released.