C1.2 Cell respirationIB Biology SL: Flashcards

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What is ATP's full name and what type of molecule is it?

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What is ATP's full name and what type of molecule is it?: Adenosine triphosphate; a nucleotide.
Give two properties that make ATP suitable as energy currency.: Soluble so moves freely; cannot pass through membranes; releases a suitable amount of energy on hydrolysis; stable at cell pH.
Three life processes supplied with energy by ATP?: Active transport, synthesis of macromolecules, movement of cells or chromosomes.
What happens when ATP is hydrolysed?: It forms ADP and phosphate and releases energy.
What is needed to make ATP from ADP and phosphate?: Energy, released by cell respiration.
Define cell respiration.: A system for producing ATP in cells using energy released from carbon compounds.
Cell respiration vs gas exchange?: Respiration is a chemical process in cells; gas exchange is diffusion of O₂ in and CO₂ out.
Main respiratory substrates?: Glucose and fatty acids (many other carbon compounds can be used).
Word equation for aerobic respiration?: Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?: Glucose → lactate.
Where does anaerobic respiration occur in human cells?: In the cytoplasm; mitochondria are not needed.
How do you calculate volume from a respirometer drop?: Distance moved × cross-sectional area of the capillary.
Why is a control tube with glass beads used in a respirometer?: To correct for changes in volume caused by temperature or pressure.