IB›IB Biology SL›Mind mapsB1.1 Carbohydrates and lipidsIB Biology SL: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsCarbon basicsCarbon forms up to four covalent bondsChains, branches, single or multiple ringsSI: kilo 10310^3103, milli 10−310^{-3}10−3, micro 10−610^{-6}10−6, nano 10−910^{-9}10−9Condense, hydrolyseCondensation joins monomers, releases waterHydrolysis splits polymers using waterMonosaccharides make polysaccharidesAmino acids make polypeptidesSugarsPentoses 5 C (ribose), hexoses 6 C (glucose)Glucose is soluble and transportableGlucose is chemically stableOxidised in respiration to give energyCarbs and lipidsbiological moleculesCHOPolysaccharidesStarch in plants, glycogen in animals: α-glucoseCompact and insoluble: no osmotic effectCellulose: β-glucose, straight chainsChains cross-linked by hydrogen bondsGlycoproteins aid cell–cell recognitionLipidsTriglyceride: glycerol + three fatty acidsPhospholipid: glycerol + two fatty acids + phosphateCis double bonds kink chains, lower melting pointFat stores about twice the energy per gram of carbohydratePhospholipids are amphipathic, form a bilayerSteroids are non-polar, cross the membraneExam tipsCondensation: water out. Hydrolysis: water inStarch and glycogen α, cellulose β