IB›IB Biology SL›Mind mapsC1.2 Cell respirationIB Biology SL: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsATPNucleotide: adenine, ribose, three phosphatesSoluble, moves freely in cytoplasmCannot cross membranes freelyHydrolysis releases energy for many tasksATP-ADP cycleHydrolysis: ATP → ADP + phosphate, releases energySynthesis of ATP needs energy from respirationPowers active transportPowers macromolecule synthesis and movementRecycled continuously, not a long-term storeWhat is respiration?Releases energy from carbon compounds to make ATPMain substrates: glucose and fatty acidsGas exchange is diffusion of O₂ in, CO₂ outGas exchange is a different processRespirationmaking ATPATPADPAerobicGlucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + waterNeeds oxygen and mitochondriaLarge ATP yieldUses glucose, fatty acids and othersAnaerobicGlucose → lactate in humansNo oxygen, cytoplasm onlySmall ATP yield but fastUsed when sprinting: oxygen demand too highExam tipsATP does not 'produce' energy: hydrolysis releases itCompare substrate, oxygen, yield, waste, locationRate = volume ÷ time (÷ mass)Respirometer uses alkali to absorb CO₂