S2.1 The ionic modelIB Chemistry HL: Flashcards
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Question
What is a cation?
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- What is a cation?
- A positive ion, formed when an atom (usually a metal) loses electrons.
- What is an anion?
- A negative ion, formed when an atom (usually a non-metal) gains electrons.
- Charge on the ion formed by an atom with configuration 1s²2s²2p³?
- 3− (nitride, N³⁻).
- Define an ionic bond.
- Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- Why are ionic compounds represented by empirical formulas?
- They form continuous 3D lattices, not discrete molecules; the formula gives the ion ratio.
- Formula of aluminium oxide?
- Al₂O₃.
- Formula of ammonium sulfate?
- (NH₄)₂SO₄.
- Formula and charge of the phosphate ion?
- PO₄³⁻.
- Name K₂S.
- Potassium sulfide.
- Name Mg₃N₂.
- Magnesium nitride.
- Why do solid ionic compounds not conduct?
- The ions are fixed in the lattice and cannot move.
- Why does MgO have a higher melting point than NaCl?
- Its ions have higher charges (2+/2−) and are smaller, so the electrostatic attraction is stronger.
- Why is NaCl insoluble in hexane?
- Hexane is non-polar and cannot attract the ions strongly enough to overcome the lattice.