S3.2 Functional groups: Classification of organic compoundsIB Chemistry SL: Flashcards

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Empirical formula of C₆H₁₂O₂?

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Empirical formula of C₆H₁₂O₂?: C₃H₆O.
What does a skeletal formula omit?: Carbon atoms (shown as line ends/corners) and hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon.
Structure of a carboxyl group?: –COOH.
Structure of an ester group?: –COO– linking two carbon chains.
What is an alkoxy group, and which series contains it?: –OR; ethers.
Structures of amino and amido groups?: Amino –NH₂; amido –CONH–.
General formula of the alkynes?: CₙH₂ₙ₋₂.
Define homologous series.: Same functional group and general formula; successive members differ by CH₂.
Why does boiling point rise along a homologous series?: More electrons / larger surface area give stronger London forces.
Why does ethanol boil much higher than propane?: Ethanol forms hydrogen bonds between –OH groups.
Name (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH.: 2-methylpropan-1-ol.
Name CH₃COCH₃.: Propanone.
What are position isomers?: Isomers with the same functional group on different carbon atoms.
Give a functional group isomer of propanoic acid.: Methyl ethanoate or ethyl methanoate.