The particulate nature of matterIB Physics SL: Topic test

20 questions, 54 marks

IB Physics SL

The particulate nature of matter topic test

Total 54 marks

Name

Class

Date

1
An electric heater supplies a constant power of 850 W to 0.60 kg of water in a well-insulated (lagged) container, initially at 20°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹.
(a)
How much thermal energy must be supplied to raise the water to 100°C?
[1 mark]
A2.02 × 10⁵ J
B3.36 × 10⁵ J
C2.52 × 10⁵ J
D1.01 × 10⁵ J
(b)
Assuming no heat is lost, how long does it take the water to reach 100°C?
[1 mark]
A395 s
B237 s
C296 s
D118 s
(c)
The heater continues supplying power at 100°C and boils away 0.10 kg of the water. Given that the specific latent heat of vaporization of water is 2.26 × 10⁶ J kg⁻¹, determine how long this takes.
[2 marks]
Total for question 1: 4 marks
2
A 12 V cell of negligible internal resistance is connected to a 15 Ω resistor in series with a parallel combination of a 20 Ω resistor and a 30 Ω resistor.
(a)
What is the total resistance of the circuit?
[1 mark]
A65.0 Ω
B40.0 Ω
C27.0 Ω
D35.0 Ω
(b)
What current flows from the cell?
[1 mark]
A0.185 A
B0.300 A
C0.343 A
D0.444 A
(c)
Determine the power dissipated in the 15 Ω resistor.
[2 marks]
Total for question 2: 4 marks
3
A rigid, sealed cylinder of fixed volume contains 0.083 mol of argon gas, initially at pressure 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa and temperature 290 K. An electrical heater inside the cylinder, connected to a 6.0 V supply and drawing a current of 2.5 A, heats the gas at constant volume. Treat the argon as an ideal monatomic gas, so its internal energy is U = (3/2)nRT.
(a)
Determine the new pressure of the gas once its temperature has risen to 410 K.
[3 marks]
(b)
Determine the electrical power delivered by the heater, and the time it takes to raise the gas temperature from 290 K to 410 K, assuming all the electrical energy increases the internal energy of the gas.
[4 marks]
Total for question 3: 7 marks
4
A planet orbits its star such that the solar constant at its orbit is 800 W m⁻² and its average albedo is 0.20. The planet's measured average surface temperature is significantly higher than a simple black-body model of its surface predicts.
(a)
Determine the planet's equilibrium surface temperature according to the black-body model, and the wavelength at which it would emit most strongly at this temperature.
[6 marks]
(b)
Explain, in terms of the greenhouse gases present in its atmosphere, why the planet's actual measured surface temperature is significantly higher than the equilibrium value found in (a).
[6 marks]
Total for question 4: 12 marks
5
A weather balloon contains 12 m³ of helium at ground level, where the pressure is 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa and the temperature is 288 K. It rises to an altitude where the pressure is 0.35 × 10⁵ Pa and the temperature is 230 K.
(a)
What is the new volume of the helium in the balloon?
[1 mark]
A34.6 m³
B27.7 m³
C43.4 m³
D3.32 m³
(b)
How many moles of helium does the balloon contain?
[1 mark]
A506 mol
B634 mol
C175 mol
D253 mol
(c)
Given that the molar mass of helium is 4.0 g mol⁻¹, determine the mass of helium in the balloon.
[2 marks]
Total for question 5: 4 marks
6
A battery of emf 9.0 V and internal resistance 0.50 Ω is connected to a 3.0 Ω resistor in series with a parallel combination of an 8.0 Ω resistor and a 24 Ω resistor.
(a)
What total current is supplied by the battery?
[1 mark]
A1.000 A
B0.254 A
C1.385 A
D0.947 A
(b)
What is the terminal potential difference of the battery?
[1 mark]
A9.00 V
B8.50 V
C8.53 V
D2.84 V
(c)
Determine the power dissipated inside the battery due to its internal resistance.
[2 marks]
Total for question 6: 4 marks
7
One wall of a room has a single-glazed glass window of area 2.4 m² and thickness 6.0 mm. The thermal conductivity of the glass is 0.96 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. The air inside the room is at 22°C and the air outside is at 5°C.
(a)
Determine the rate at which thermal energy is conducted through the window.
[3 marks]
(b)
Suppose that, for 5.0 s only, thermal energy is conducted through the window at the constant rate found in (a), and that all of it instead flows into a separate, insulated container holding 40 mol of an ideal monatomic gas at constant volume. Determine the resulting rise in temperature of this gas.
[4 marks]
Total for question 7: 7 marks
8
A heating element is made from a coil of nichrome wire of length 4.5 m and cross-sectional area 0.20 mm². The resistivity of nichrome is 1.10 × 10⁻⁶ Ω m. The element is connected to a 230 V supply.
(a)
Determine the resistance of the nichrome wire, the current it draws, and the power it dissipates when connected to the 230 V supply.
[6 marks]
(b)
The heating element is used to heat 4.0 kg of water from 15°C, in a well-insulated (lagged) tank, for 6.0 minutes. Determine the final temperature of the water, and comment on whether it reaches 100°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹.
[6 marks]
Total for question 8: 12 marks

End of questions