IGCSE›Edexcel IGCSE Biology›Mind mapsReproductionEdexcel IGCSE Biology: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsTwo typesSexual: gametes fuse (fertilisation) to form a zygoteSexual offspring are genetically differentAsexual: one parent, identical offspringNatural asexual: runners; artificial: cuttingsPollinationInsect: large, scented petals and nectarInsect: small amount of sticky pollenWind: small, dull petals, no nectarWind: anthers and feathery stigma hang outsidePollen tube grows down style to ovuleGerminationNeeds water to activate enzymesNeeds oxygen for aerobic respirationNeeds suitable temperatureUses stored starch until it can photosynthesiseReproductionsexual and asexualHuman systemsTestes make sperm; prostate adds fluidOvaries make eggsOviduct is where fertilisation usually occursUterus: embryo implants and developsHormonesFSH matures egg, stimulates oestrogenOestrogen thickens uterus lining, triggers LHLH triggers ovulationProgesterone maintains the liningPlacenta exchanges substances without mixing bloodExam tipsLight is not needed for germination itselfAmniotic fluid protects the embryo