IGCSE›Edexcel IGCSE Biology›Mind mapsCell StructureEdexcel IGCSE Biology: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsControl & reactionsNucleus holds chromosomes (DNA), controls activitiesCytoplasm is where most chemical reactions happenCell membrane controls what enters and leavesEnergy & makingMitochondria: site of aerobic respirationChloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesisRibosomes: site of protein synthesisPlant onlyCell wall of cellulose supports the cellChloroplasts in green tissue onlyLarge permanent vacuole stores cell sapAnimal cells: vacuole small or absent, no cell wallCell structureplant and animal cellsSpecialised cellsDifferentiation: cell gains structures for a specific roleExamples: red blood, nerve, root hair cellsRoot hair cell has a long extension for surface areaLets multicellular organisms build tissues and organsStem cellsUndifferentiated: divide or become specialised cellsFor: replace damaged tissue, fewer organ donorsAgainst: ethical concerns over embryonic cellsRisks: viral infection, rejection by immune systemExam tipsLink function to the process it enablesMitochondria: site of respiration, which releases energy