1. 1
   An astronaut's equipment has a mass of 12 kg on Earth, where the gravitational field strength is 9.8 N/kg. The equipment is later taken to the Moon, where the gravitational field strength is 1.6 N/kg.

   (a)

   An astronaut's equipment has a mass of 12 kg. On Earth, the gravitational field strength is 9.8 N/kg. What is the weight of the equipment on Earth?

   [1 mark]

   • A117.6 N
   • B12 N
   • C1.22 N
   • D9.8 N

   (b)

   What is the mass of the equipment once it has been taken to the Moon?

   [1 mark]

   • A7.5 kg
   • B19.2 kg
   • C1.6 kg
   • D12 kg

   (c)

   Explain why the mass of the equipment is the same on the Moon as on Earth, but its weight is different.

   [2 marks]

   Total for question 1: 4 marks

2. 2
   A market trader wants to compare the masses of two bags of fruit using a simple beam balance.

   (a)

   Which quantity is the beam balance directly comparing?

   [1 mark]

   • AThe volume of each bag
   • BB: The density of each bag
   • CThe quantity of matter in each bag
   • DThe temperature of each bag

   (b)

   Which of these instruments would be most suitable for directly comparing the masses of the two bags of fruit?

   [1 mark]

   • AA newton meter (spring balance)
   • BA beam balance
   • CA stopwatch
   • DA measuring cylinder

   (c)

   Describe how the market trader would use the beam balance to compare the masses of the two bags of fruit.

   [2 marks]

   Total for question 2: 4 marks

3. 3
   A crane at a construction site lifts a steel beam of mass 200 kg on Earth, where the gravitational field strength is 9.8 N/kg. The same crane is later used on a different planet, where a test mass of 5 kg is found to have a weight of 19 N.

   (a)

   State the definition of weight, and calculate the weight of the beam on Earth, where the gravitational field strength is 9.8 N/kg.

   [3 marks]

   (b)

   Define gravitational field strength, calculate the gravitational field strength on the different planet using the test mass data given, and state the weight of the 200 kg steel beam on that planet.

   [4 marks]

   Total for question 3: 7 marks

4. 4
   A space agency is testing equipment that will be used on both Earth and the Moon.

   (a)

   Describe an experiment using a beam balance to compare the mass of a test object with a set of known masses, and explain why mass is described as a measure of the quantity of matter in an object, independent of where the object is located.

   [6 marks]

   (b)

   Explain why weight is described as a vector quantity while mass is a scalar quantity, describe how the weight of the equipment could be measured directly using a newton meter (spring balance), and explain why this instrument would give a different reading for the same equipment on Earth compared with on the Moon.

   [6 marks]

   Total for question 4: 12 marks

End of questions