IGCSE›Oxford AQA IGCSE Physics›Mind mapsKinetic TheoryOxford AQA IGCSE Physics: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsThree statesSolid: regular, close, vibrating in fixed positionsLiquid: close but irregular, particles slide pastGas: far apart, random, fast, in all directionsHeating gives particles more kinetic energyHeat capacityEnergy to raise 1 kg by 1°CE=mcΔθE = mc\Delta\thetaE=mcΔθHigh c means lots of energy for a small changeWater's high c suits heating systemsLatent heatEnergy to change state of 1 kg at constant temperatureVaporisation: E=mLvE = mL_vE=mLvFusion: E=mLfE = mL_fE=mLfEnergy goes into breaking or forming bondsKinetic theorystates and heatEmcLImpuritiesLower the melting pointRaise the boiling pointSalt on roads melts ice below 0°CHeating graphsRising slopes: temperature increasingFlat at melting point: solid becomes liquidFlat at boiling point: liquid becomes gasCooling curve of stearic acid is the practicalExam tipsTemperature stays constant during a change of stateEnergy is still transferred on the flat sections