Kinetic TheoryOxford AQA IGCSE Physics: Flashcards

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How are particles arranged and moving in a solid?

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How are particles arranged and moving in a solid?: Regularly arranged, close together, vibrating around fixed positions.
How are particles arranged and moving in a gas?: Far apart, moving randomly and freely at high speed in all directions.
Define specific heat capacity.: The energy required to change the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
State the equation for specific heat capacity.: E = m × c × Δθ (energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature).
Define specific latent heat of vaporisation.: The energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance from liquid to vapour at constant temperature.
Define specific latent heat of fusion.: The energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature.
State the equation for specific latent heat.: E = m × L (energy = mass × specific latent heat).
How do impurities affect the melting point of a solid?: They lower the melting point.
How do impurities affect the boiling point of a liquid?: They raise the boiling point.
On a temperature-time graph, why is the section at the melting point flat?: Because energy is being used to break bonds and change state rather than raise the temperature.
What required practical investigates a cooling curve?: Investigating the cooling curve for stearic acid.
Why does spreading salt on icy roads help melt the ice?: Salt is an impurity that lowers the melting point of ice, so it melts below 0°C.