1. 1
   A removals company lifts a wardrobe onto a lorry using a ramp. Two workers push the wardrobe up the ramp at a slow, steady pace while a third worker steadies it from the side.

   (a)

   As the wardrobe slides up the ramp, several forces act on it. Which of the following is a non-contact force acting on the wardrobe?

   [1 mark]

   • AFriction between the wardrobe and the ramp
   • BThe normal contact force from the ramp
   • CGravity pulling the wardrobe towards the Earth
   • DThe push from the worker's hands

   (b)

   The worker steadying the wardrobe notices the ramp surface is worn smooth and dusty, so the wardrobe slides more easily than expected. Which statement best explains this observation?

   [1 mark]

   • AThe dust has removed air resistance acting on the wardrobe
   • BThe dust has increased the wardrobe's weight
   • CThe dust has reduced friction between the wardrobe and the ramp
   • DThe dust has turned gravity into a contact force

   (c)

   As the wardrobe is pushed up the ramp, the wardrobe exerts a force on the worker's hands. State the name of this pair of forces and describe how the two forces compare in magnitude and direction.

   [2 marks]

   Total for question 1: 4 marks

2. 2
   An archer draws back a bowstring, stretching it by 0.30 m before releasing an arrow of mass 0.020 kg. The bow is designed so the string behaves elastically during the draw.

   (a)

   An archer draws back a bowstring before releasing an arrow. Which quantity below is a scalar quantity?

   [1 mark]

   • AThe distance the bowstring is pulled back
   • BThe velocity of the arrow after release
   • CThe force exerted on the string
   • DThe displacement of the arrow from the bow

   (b)

   After the arrow is released, the bowstring returns exactly to its original length and shape. Which term describes this type of distortion?

   [1 mark]

   • AInelastic distortion
   • BElastic distortion
   • CPlastic distortion
   • DPermanent distortion

   (c)

   The bowstring has a spring constant of 320 N/m. Calculate the force needed to stretch the string by 0.30 m, and explain what happens to the energy stored in the string when the arrow is released.

   [2 marks]

   Total for question 2: 4 marks

3. 3
   A physics teacher demonstrates Hooke's Law to a class by hanging a series of standard weights, one at a time, from a vertical spring fixed to a clamp stand, and measuring the spring's extension with a metre ruler after each weight is added.

   (a)

   A physics teacher demonstrates Hooke's Law by hanging weights from a vertical spring fixed to a clamp stand and measuring its extension with a ruler. State Hooke's Law and explain how the teacher could use the results to check whether the spring is still behaving according to Hooke's Law as more weights are added.

   [3 marks]

   (b)

   After the demonstration, the teacher removes all the weights but the spring stays 2 cm longer than its original length. Explain, in terms of the forces applied and the type of distortion, why this has happened, and calculate the weight of an object that would have produced an extension of 2 cm on the same spring while it was still behaving elastically, given a spring constant of 25 N/m.

   [4 marks]

   Total for question 3: 7 marks

4. 4
   A mountain rescue team lowers an injured climber down a cliff face using a rope and harness system. As the climber is lowered, the rope rubs against a rocky outcrop, and the climber's mass pulls the rope taut.

   (a)

   Explain, using ideas about contact and non-contact forces, interaction pairs, and friction, how the forces acting on the climber and rope interact during the descent, and describe the effect of friction between the rope and the rock.

   [6 marks]

   (b)

   The rescue team replaces the rope with a new elastic-core rope designed to stretch slightly under load to absorb sudden jolts. Explain, using ideas about elastic distortion and elastic potential energy, why this design choice makes the descent safer for the climber, and describe what would happen if the rope were stretched beyond its limit of proportionality during a sudden fall.

   [6 marks]

   Total for question 4: 12 marks

End of questions