Transcription and translationAQA A-Level Biology: Flashcards
What these 13 flashcards ask
- What is transcription?
- What does RNA polymerase do?
- Which base in mRNA pairs with adenine in the DNA template?
- What does transcription produce in prokaryotes?
- What does transcription produce in eukaryotes?
- What is splicing?
- What is translation?
- Where does translation take place?
- What is the role of tRNA in translation?
- What is the role of the ribosome?
- What is ATP used for in translation?
- What does a stop codon do?
- A pre-mRNA has 1800 bases and the mRNA 600. How many bases were removed?
Exam questions on Transcription and translation
- A human liver cell transcribes the gene for albumin, a protein made in large amounts by the liver. The albumin gene contains several introns.Describe what happens to the product of transcription of the albumin gene before it can be translated.2 marks
- At a ribosome in the cytoplasm of a cell, a polypeptide is being made by translation of a molecule of mRNA. Transfer RNA molecules are bringing amino acids to the ribosome.A tRNA molecule with the anticodon UAC arrives at the ribosome. Explain which mRNA codon it binds to and what happens to the amino acid it carries.2 marks
- Bacteria and human cells both transcribe their genes to make RNA. In bacteria, ribosomes can begin translating an mRNA molecule while it is still being made. In human cells, translation does not begin until the RNA has left the nucleus.Explain why a bacterial RNA can be translated while it is still being made, whereas human RNA must first leave the nucleus.3 marks
Written by the Exaim team, led by Shaun Daswani (Head of Upper Secondary, Improve ME Institute; MSc Financial Mathematics, Imperial College London; BSc, UCL) and Jason Daswani (operational lead, Improve ME Institute; LSE).