Why is body temperature raised during exercise?

Some energy from respiration is released as heat, and energy transferred when ATP is used also ends up as heat.

Write the overall equation for aerobic respiration of glucose.

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

The inner mitochondrial membrane.

What are the main products of glycolysis?

Pyruvate, a small net yield of ATP, and reduced NAD.

What is the main product of oxidative phosphorylation?

Most of the ATP made in respiration (and water).

Which stages release carbon dioxide?

The link reaction and the Krebs cycle.

What is decarboxylation?

Removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule.

What is dehydrogenation?

Removal of hydrogen from a molecule, to reduce a coenzyme such as NAD.

Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?

They use ATP at a high rate, so many mitochondria allow a high rate of ATP production.

Is ATP a long-term energy store?

No. It is an immediate energy source that is made and used quickly.

Aerobic respiration overviewEdexcel A-Level Biology B: Flashcards

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What is the function of ATP in cells?

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What is the function of ATP in cells?: It is the immediate source of energy for metabolic reactions; hydrolysis to ADP and Pᵢ releases energy.
Why is body temperature raised during exercise?: Some energy from respiration is released as heat, and energy transferred when ATP is used also ends up as heat.
Write the overall equation for aerobic respiration of glucose.: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Where does glycolysis take place?: The cytoplasm.
Where do the link reaction and Krebs cycle take place?: The mitochondrial matrix.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?: The inner mitochondrial membrane.
What are the main products of glycolysis?: Pyruvate, a small net yield of ATP, and reduced NAD.
What is the main product of oxidative phosphorylation?: Most of the ATP made in respiration (and water).
Which stages release carbon dioxide?: The link reaction and the Krebs cycle.
What is decarboxylation?: Removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule.
What is dehydrogenation?: Removal of hydrogen from a molecule, to reduce a coenzyme such as NAD.
Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?: They use ATP at a high rate, so many mitochondria allow a high rate of ATP production.
Is ATP a long-term energy store?: No. It is an immediate energy source that is made and used quickly.

Exam questions on Aerobic respiration overview

A hummingbird hovers in front of a flower, beating its wings about 50 times each second. Its flight muscle cells contain very large numbers of mitochondria, and the bird feeds on nectar that is rich in sugar.
Explain why the flight muscle cells contain very large numbers of mitochondria.2 marks
A student places 50 germinating pea seeds in an insulated flask in a dark cupboard and records the temperature each day. A second, identical flask contains boiled peas that cannot respire. After three days the temperature in the first flask has risen from 20.0 °C to 26.5 °C, while the second flask stays at 20.0 °C.
Explain why the temperature in the first flask rose, using ideas about the transfer of energy in respiration.2 marks
A researcher breaks open liver cells and separates the contents into two fractions: the cytoplasm, and the mitochondria. She sets up two tubes in aerated solution. Tube 1 contains only the cytoplasm fraction, glucose, ADP, phosphate and NAD. Tube 2 contains only the mitochondria fraction, pyruvate, ADP, phosphate and NAD.
Predict and explain what products will be formed in tube 1 after incubation.3 marks

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Written by the Exaim team, led by Shaun Daswani (Head of Upper Secondary, Improve ME Institute; MSc Financial Mathematics, Imperial College London; BSc, UCL) and Jason Daswani (operational lead, Improve ME Institute; LSE).