RespirationAQA GCSE Biology: Flashcards

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Write the word equation for aerobic respiration.

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Write the word equation for aerobic respiration.: Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Write the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration.: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Where in the cell does aerobic respiration occur?: In the mitochondria
Is aerobic respiration endothermic or exothermic? Explain what this means.: Exothermic. It releases energy that can be used by the cell for cellular processes.
Name three uses of energy released by respiration in living organisms.: Movement (contraction of muscles) Synthesis of larger molecules (e.g. proteins, DNA) Maintaining body temperature
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals.: Glucose → lactic acid
Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast (or plants/microorganisms).: Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is oxygen debt?: The amount of extra oxygen needed after exercise to break down the lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration and restore the body to its resting state.
Explain how oxygen debt is repaid after exercise.: After exercise stops, breathing rate and heart rate remain elevated, supplying extra oxygen to the liver. This oxygen is used to oxidise lactic acid to glucose and carbon dioxide, which is then excreted.
Compare the energy released by aerobic and anaerobic respiration.: Aerobic respiration releases significantly more energy (approximately 30-32 ATP per glucose molecule) than anaerobic respiration (only 2 ATP per glucose molecule). Anaerobic respiration is less efficient but occurs when oxygen is not available.
What happens to heart rate during exercise and why?: Heart rate increases during exercise to pump more blood to the muscles, delivering more oxygen and glucose needed for increased aerobic respiration, and removing more carbon dioxide.
What happens to breathing rate and tidal volume during exercise and why?: Both breathing rate and tidal volume increase during exercise to take in more oxygen for increased respiration in muscle cells and to remove more carbon dioxide produced as a waste product.
Under what conditions does anaerobic respiration occur?: When oxygen is unavailable or in short supply, such as during intense exercise when the demand for oxygen exceeds the supply, or in anaerobic microorganisms in oxygen-free environments.
Name two variables that can be measured to determine the rate of respiration in living organisms.: Oxygen consumption (decrease in oxygen levels) Carbon dioxide production (increase in carbon dioxide levels) Heat production (change in temperature) Change in volume of gas in a closed system
Describe how you would investigate the rate of respiration using a simple respirometer.: Place living organisms in a sealed container with a carbon dioxide absorbent. Measure the change in gas volume or pressure over time. The decrease in volume indicates oxygen consumption, showing the rate of aerobic respiration.