Genetic InheritanceAQA GCSE Biology: Flashcards

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What shape does DNA form?

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What shape does DNA form?: A double helix.
What are chromosomes made of?: DNA.
Name the four bases found in DNA.: A, C, G and T.
How many bases code for one amino acid?: Three (a triplet).
What is a gene?: A small section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein.
What is a genome?: The entire genetic material of an organism.
Give one reason the human genome project is important for medicine.: Any one of: finding genes linked to disease, understanding inherited disorders, tracing human migration.
What controls the order in which amino acids are assembled during protein synthesis? (HT): The order of bases along the gene.
Can non-coding DNA affect phenotype? (HT): Yes — genetic variants in non-coding DNA can influence phenotype, e.g. by affecting how genes are switched on or off.
What did Mendel conclude from his breeding experiments on pea plants?: That inheritance of each characteristic is determined by 'units' passed unchanged from parents to offspring.
When was the structure of DNA determined?: In the mid-20th century.
Why was Mendel's discovery not recognised until after his death?: Because chromosomes and DNA were not yet known about, so there was no known mechanism to explain his results.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?: Genotype is the genetic make-up (DNA sequence); phenotype is the observable characteristics that result.