Digestive System and EnzymesAQA GCSE Biology: Flashcards

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What does a carbohydrase break down, and into what?

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What does a carbohydrase break down, and into what?: Carbohydrates, into simple sugars.
What does a protease break down, and into what?: Proteins, into amino acids.
What does a lipase break down, and into what?: Lipids, into glycerol and fatty acids.
Where is bile produced and stored?: Produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder.
Why is bile alkaline?: To neutralise hydrochloric acid arriving from the stomach so small intestine enzymes work at their optimum pH.
What does it mean that bile 'emulsifies' fat?: It breaks fat into small droplets, increasing surface area, which speeds up digestion by lipase.
What is the positive result for the Benedict's test?: A colour change from blue to green, orange or brick-red on heating, indicating sugar.
What is the positive result for the iodine test?: A colour change from orange-brown to blue-black, indicating starch.
What is the positive result for the Biuret test?: A colour change from blue to purple/lilac, indicating protein.
In Required Practical 5, why is temperature kept constant using a water bath?: So that pH is the only variable affecting the rate of the amylase reaction.
How is rate of reaction calculated from time taken?: Rate = 1 ÷ time taken.
What happens to the products of digestion once absorbed?: They are used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and some glucose is used in respiration.
Name two organs that produce amylase.: Salivary glands and the pancreas (also the small intestine).
Name two organs that produce protease.: The stomach (as pepsin) and the pancreas (also the small intestine).
Which reagent tests for starch and what colour indicates a positive result?: Iodine solution; it turns blue-black in the presence of starch.