GCSE›AQA GCSE Biology›Mind mapsCell StructureAQA GCSE Biology: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsEukaryotic cellsNucleus contains DNA and controls cell activitiesMitochondria: site of aerobic respiration, makes ATPRibosomes: site of protein synthesisCell membrane controls what enters and leavesPlant extrasCell wall made of cellulose: supportChloroplasts: photosynthesis, contain chlorophyllPermanent vacuole: stores water, keeps cell rigidProkaryotesNo nucleus: DNA in a nucleoid regionPlasmids: small circular loops of DNAPlasmids often carry antibiotic resistance genesAlso flagella, pili and a capsuleCell structureeukaryotes and prokaryotesnucleusribosomecell wallAdaptationStructures present only where needed for the jobMuscle and nerve cells: many mitochondriaRoot cells: no chloroplasts, no light undergroundLeaf cells: many chloroplastsMicroscopesMagnification = image size ÷ actual sizeConvert to the same units first1 mm = 1000 μm; 1 μm = 1000 nmElectron: resolution ~0.1 nm, light ~200 nmElectrons have a shorter wavelength than lightElectron microscopes cannot view living cellsExam tipsExplain what each structure does, not just where it isMitochondria in all cells; chloroplasts only in plantsState the units in a magnification answerLink why a cell has many of a structure to its function