Electronic StructureAQA GCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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What is the relative charge and mass of a proton?

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What is the relative charge and mass of a proton?: Charge +1, relative mass 1.
What is the relative charge and mass of a neutron?: Charge 0, relative mass 1.
What is the relative charge and mass of an electron?: Charge −1, relative mass very small (negligible).
Where is almost all the mass of an atom found?: In the nucleus, since electrons have negligible mass.
What does the atomic number tell you?: The number of protons in the nucleus, which identifies the element.
What is the mass number?: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?: Mass number minus atomic number.
What are isotopes?: Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Where do electrons occupy positions in an atom?: In shells (energy levels), starting with the lowest available energy level.
What evidence led to the nuclear model of the atom?: The alpha particle scattering experiment — most particles passed straight through gold foil, but a few bounced back, showing a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
What did Bohr's model add to the nuclear model?: Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific, fixed distances (shells/energy levels).
What is the plum pudding model?: A model in which the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it, proposed after the discovery of the electron.
Write the electronic structure of sodium (11 electrons).: 2,8,1