AlkanesAQA GCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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What is the general formula for alkanes?

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What is the general formula for alkanes?: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
What does 'saturated' mean for a hydrocarbon?: All the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds
What is the formula of methane?: CH₄
What is the formula of propane?: C₃H₈
Name the first four alkanes in order.: Methane, ethane, propane, butane
How are alkane fractions separated from crude oil?: By fractional distillation, based on differences in boiling point
What happens to boiling point as alkane chain length increases?: It increases
What happens to flammability as alkane chain length increases?: It decreases
What are the products of complete combustion of an alkane?: Carbon dioxide and water
Write the balanced equation for complete combustion of propane.: C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
Why are short-chain alkanes preferred for portable fuels?: They have low viscosity and are more flammable, making them easier to ignite and use
What process converts large, less useful alkanes into smaller, more useful molecules?: Cracking