GCSE›Edexcel GCSE Physics›Mind mapsStates of Matter & Thermal CapacityEdexcel GCSE Physics: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsKinetic theorySolid: regular, vibrate in fixed positionsLiquid: random, close, slide past each otherGas: random, far apart, fast and freeDensityρ=mV\rho = \frac{m}{V}ρ=VmUnit is kg/m³Solids and liquids are closely packedGases are much less denseChanges of stateMelt, freeze, boil, condense, sublimeMass is conservedPhysical change, reversibleOriginal properties returnMatter & heatstates and capacityρ\rhoρcLSpecific heat capacityEnergy to raise 1 kg by 1 °CΔQ=mcΔθ\Delta Q = mc\Delta\thetaΔQ=mcΔθUnit is J/kg°C2 kg water, 10 °C → 84 000 JLatent heatEnergy to change state of 1 kgQ=mLQ = mLQ=mLTemperature stays constant during changeEnergy breaks bonds between particlesExam tipsTemperature does not rise during melting or boilingDensity practical: balance plus displacement