IB›IB Biology HL›Mind mapsC1.2 Cell respirationIB Biology HL: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsATP and typesATP powers transport, synthesis and movementAerobic: high yield, needs mitochondriaAnaerobic: low yield, cytoplasm onlyGas exchange is not respirationGlycolysisIn cytoplasm: glucose → 2 pyruvatePhosphorylation uses 2 ATP; 4 ATP formedNet: 2 ATP and 2 reduced NADDehydrogenation oxidises the substrateNo oxygenMust regenerate NAD or glycolysis stopsHumans: pyruvate → lactateYeast: pyruvate → ethanol + CO₂Net yield still 2 ATPRespirationmaking ATPATPNADCO₂Matrix reactionsLink reaction: pyruvate oxidised and decarboxylatedAcetyl-CoA carries a 2C group inAcetyl joins oxaloacetate (4C) to make citrate (6C)Krebs cycle: 2 decarboxylations, 4 oxidationsElectron chainReduced NAD passes electrons to the chainProtons pumped into intermembrane spaceATP synthase phosphorylates ADP by chemiosmosisOxygen is terminal acceptor, forming waterExam tipsLipids give more energy per gram, respired aerobically onlyGlycolysis: 4 ATP made, 2 used