IGCSE›Cambridge IGCSE Biology›Mind mapsDietCambridge IGCSE Biology: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsBalanced dietRight proportions of every nutrientNeeds carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre, waterAmounts vary with age and activity levelEnergy foodsCarbohydrates – main energy source for respirationSources: bread, rice, pasta, potatoesFats – long-term energy storeFats also give insulation under the skinSources of fat: butter, oils, nutsGrowth and repairProteins build and repair tissuesSources: meat, fish, eggs, beansCalcium – strong bones and teethIron – makes haemoglobinDietbalanced nutritionCDCaFeVitaminsVitamin C – collagen, healthy gums and skinSources of C: citrus fruit, peppersVitamin D – helps absorb calciumSources of D: oily fish, egg yolk, sunlightFibre and waterFibre is not digested by humansGives bulk and promotes peristalsisPrevents constipationWater – solvent and transport mediumExam tipsScurvy = lack of vitamin C (bleeding gums)Rickets = lack of vitamin D or calciumLink each nutrient to its specific roleFats are essential – limit saturated, not all fat