Characteristics of Living OrganismsEdexcel IGCSE Biology: Flashcards
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Name the eight characteristics shared by all living organisms.
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- Name the eight characteristics shared by all living organisms.
- Nutrition, respiration, excretion, response to surroundings (sensitivity), movement, control of internal conditions, reproduction, growth and development.
- What mnemonic is used to remember the characteristics of living organisms?
- MRS GREN — Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition (plus control of internal conditions).
- Define excretion.
- The removal of waste products of metabolism from the body.
- Name the four eukaryotic kingdoms and give an example of each.
- Plants (e.g. rose), animals (e.g. dog), fungi (e.g. mushroom), protoctists (e.g. Amoeba).
- What structures are found in a prokaryotic (bacterial) cell?
- Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids and a circular chromosome of DNA (no nucleus).
- What is the key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
- Define pathogen.
- A micro-organism that causes disease.
- Name the four types of organism that can be pathogens.
- Fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses.
- What does a virus consist of?
- Genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.
- Why are viruses not considered living organisms?
- They cannot carry out life processes independently and can only reproduce inside a living host cell.
- How do fungi obtain their food?
- By extracellular digestion (saprotrophic nutrition), releasing enzymes onto food and absorbing the products.