Cell StructureEdexcel IGCSE Biology: Flashcards

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What is the function of the nucleus?

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What is the function of the nucleus?: Contains the cell's chromosomes (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.
What is the function of mitochondria?: They are the site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy for the cell.
What is the function of chloroplasts?: They contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.
What is the function of ribosomes?: They are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the function of the cell membrane?: It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What is the function of a plant cell wall?: It is a rigid structure, made of cellulose, that supports and gives shape to the cell.
What is the function of the vacuole in a plant cell?: It stores cell sap and helps maintain the cell's shape and rigidity.
Name three structures found in plant cells but not animal cells.: Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large permanent vacuole.
Name structures found in both plant and animal cells.: Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.
What is cell differentiation?: The process by which an unspecialised cell develops specific structures and functions to become a specialised cell.
Why is cell differentiation important for multicellular organisms?: It allows cells to become specialised for particular functions, forming efficient tissues and organs.
What is a stem cell?: An undifferentiated cell that can divide and differentiate into a range of specialised cell types.
Give one advantage of using stem cells in medicine.: They could be used to replace damaged or diseased cells/tissues, e.g. treating spinal injuries or diabetes.
Give one disadvantage/concern of using stem cells in medicine.: Ethical concerns, particularly with embryonic stem cells, which involves destroying an embryo (also risk of infection transfer or immune rejection).