2.1 Group 1 (Alkali Metals)Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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Write the general word equation for an alkali metal reacting with water.

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Write the general word equation for an alkali metal reacting with water.: Alkali metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen.
How does the vigour of reaction with water change going down Group 1?: It increases: lithium reacts gently, sodium more vigorously, potassium very violently (may ignite).
What colour flame does potassium burn with when it reacts violently with water?: Lilac.
How many electrons do all Group 1 metals have in their outer shell?: One.
What ion charge do Group 1 metals form?: 1+ (by losing their one outer electron).
Why is the outer electron easier to lose going down Group 1?: There are more electron shells, so the outer electron is further from the nucleus and more shielded, so it is less strongly attracted and easier to lose.
How does reactivity change down Group 1?: Reactivity increases down the group.
How does melting point change down Group 1?: Melting point decreases down the group.
Why must potassium be stored under oil?: Because it reacts (tarnishes/reacts) very quickly with air and moisture.
What observations show lithium, sodium and potassium are a chemical family when reacting with water?: All float, move on the surface, fizz as hydrogen is released, and form a colourless alkaline solution.
Predict how caesium (below potassium in Group 1) would react with water.: Even more violently/vigorously than potassium, since reactivity increases down the group.
What gas is produced when an alkali metal reacts with water?: Hydrogen gas.
What type of solution is formed when an alkali metal reacts with water?: An alkaline solution (metal hydroxide dissolved in water).
Complete: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → ___ + ___: 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
What term describes the reducing attraction felt by an outer electron due to inner-shell electrons?: Electron shielding.