4.1 IntroductionEdexcel IGCSE Chemistry: Flashcards
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What is a hydrocarbon?
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- What is a hydrocarbon?
- A compound that contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
- Why can carbon form so many different compounds?
- It forms four strong covalent bonds, including bonds to other carbon atoms, allowing chains, branches and rings.
- Define empirical formula.
- The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
- Define molecular formula.
- The actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule.
- What does a general formula show?
- An algebraic formula, e.g. CnH2n+2, that applies to every member of a homologous series.
- What is the difference between structural and displayed formula?
- Structural formula shows how atoms are grouped along the chain without every bond; displayed formula shows every atom and every bond.
- Define homologous series.
- A family of compounds with the same general formula and functional group, differing by CH2 between successive members.
- Define functional group.
- An atom or group of atoms that gives an organic molecule its characteristic chemical reactions.
- Define isomerism.
- The existence of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
- Name the two structural isomers of C4H10.
- Butane (unbranched) and methylpropane (branched).
- What does the IUPAC stem 'but-' tell you?
- That the longest carbon chain in the molecule has four carbon atoms.
- List the IUPAC stems for chains of 1 to 6 carbons.
- meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-
- Define a substitution reaction.
- A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group.
- Define an addition reaction.
- A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single product with no atoms lost.
- What is combustion?
- A reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing heat energy.