1.1 States of MatterEdexcel IGCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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What are the three states of matter?

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What are the three states of matter?: Solid, liquid and gas.
Describe particle arrangement, movement and energy in a solid.: Regular, tightly packed arrangement; particles vibrate about fixed positions; lowest energy.
Describe particle arrangement, movement and energy in a gas.: Randomly arranged, far apart; move rapidly in all directions; highest energy.
Define melting.: The change of state from solid to liquid as particles gain energy and the lattice breaks down.
Define subliming.: The change of state directly from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state.
What is diffusion?: The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, due to random particle movement.
Why does a coloured solution dilute through water without stirring?: Because particles in the liquid move randomly and spread out over time, even without stirring.
Define solute.: The substance that dissolves in a solvent.
Define solvent.: The liquid in which a solute dissolves.
What is a saturated solution?: A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute possible at that temperature, with excess solid usually present.
What units is solubility measured in?: Grams of solute per 100 g of solvent (g per 100 g solvent).
What does a solubility curve show?: How the solubility of a substance (g per 100 g solvent) changes with temperature.
How would you find the solubility of a solid at a given temperature experimentally?: Add the solid in small portions to a measured mass of water at that temperature, stirring until no more dissolves (saturation), then scale the mass dissolved to per 100 g of water.
Name the change of state from liquid to gas.: Boiling (or evaporating).
Name the change of state from gas to liquid.: Condensing.