Types of radiation and nuclear equationsEdexcel A-Level Physics: Mind map

Exam questions on Types of radiation and nuclear equations

1. A student uses a Geiger-Müller (GM) tube and counter in a school laboratory. Before a source is brought near, the tube records 96 counts in 5.0 minutes. A gamma source is then placed near the tube, and the tube records 1440 counts in 2.0 minutes.
   Calculate the corrected count rate from the source, in counts per minute.2 marks
2. An ionisation smoke detector contains a tiny sample of americium-241, ${}^{241}_{95}\text{Am}$, which is an alpha emitter. The sample is held in a small open chamber inside a plastic case, and the alpha particles ionise the air in the chamber so that a small current flows between two electrodes.
   Explain why an alpha emitter is suitable for use in a smoke detector.2 marks
3. Cobalt-60, ${}^{60}_{27}\text{Co}$, emits beta-minus particles and gamma radiation. It is used to sterilise sealed plastic packs of surgical equipment in hospitals. The nucleus formed by the beta-minus decay is nickel, and it is formed in an excited state.
   Write the nuclear equation for the beta-minus decay of cobalt-60.3 marks