GCSE›Edexcel GCSE Biology›Mind mapsNatural Selection & EvolutionEdexcel GCSE Biology: Mind mapStudy pack PDFAlso for this subtopic:Revision notesFlashcardsSubtopic testCover factsWho and whenDarwin and Wallace worked independentlyJoint publication in 1858Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859Controversial: religious views, no known inheritance mechanismNatural selectionVariation exists in a populationBest-adapted survive and reproduceAdvantageous genes are passed onTrait becomes more common over generationsCan lead to speciationAntibiotic resistanceRandom mutation gives some bacteria resistanceAntibiotics kill the non-resistant onesResistant survivors reproduce, gene spreadsEvolutionnatural selectionHuman fossilsArdi 4.4 mya: ape and human featuresLucy 3.2 mya: walked upright before big brainLeakey's finds 1.6 mya: closer to modern skeletonTools get more complex over timeOther evidencePentadactyl limb: same 5-digit bones in humans, whales, batsPoints to a common ancestorGenetic analysis gave the three-domain systemDomains: Archaea, Bacteria, EukaryaExam tipsName both Darwin and WallaceOrganisms do not choose to evolveFive kingdoms and three domains are different levels