Natural Selection & EvolutionEdexcel GCSE Biology: Flashcards
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Who developed evolution by natural selection?
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- Who developed evolution by natural selection?
- Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace, publishing jointly in 1858.
- What did Darwin publish in 1859?
- On the Origin of Species.
- Explain Darwin's theory of natural selection.
- Variation exists; best-adapted survive/reproduce; advantageous genes passed on; proportion increases over generations, can lead to speciation.
- Define speciation.
- Formation of a new species when populations can no longer interbreed.
- How does antibiotic resistance support Darwin's theory?
- Resistant bacteria survive antibiotic exposure and reproduce, passing on the gene, spreading resistance.
- What is Ardi and its age?
- A 4.4-million-year-old hominid fossil showing ape/human mix of features.
- What does Lucy show?
- 3.2-million-year-old fossil showing bipedalism evolved before large brain size.
- What did Richard Leakey discover?
- 1.6-million-year-old fossils showing further changes towards modern human skeleton.
- Order the fossils oldest to youngest.
- Ardi (4.4mya) → Lucy (3.2mya) → Leakey's fossils (1.6mya).
- How can stone tools be dated?
- Indirectly, via the rock stratum they are found in.
- What is a pentadactyl limb?
- A limb with a 5-digit bone structure found in many vertebrates.
- How does the pentadactyl limb provide evolutionary evidence?
- Shared structure despite different functions suggests a common ancestor.
- What replaced the five-kingdom classification system?
- The three-domain system (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya).
- Why was the three-domain system proposed?
- Genetic analysis showed prokaryotes were genetically two distinct groups.