Breathing Quiz
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5 questions, one answer each
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1. Which of the following structures is responsible for moving the ribcage upwards and outwards during inhalation?
- A. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm
- B. Trachea and bronchi
- C. Alveoli and bronchioles
- D. Ribs and lungs
2. What is the percentage of oxygen in exhaled air?
- A. 21%
- B. 16%
- C. 5%
- D. 0.04%
3. Alveoli are highly adapted for gas exchange. Which adaptation allows oxygen to diffuse quickly from the alveolus into the blood?
- A. The presence of mucus on the alveolar surface
- B. The thick muscular walls of the alveoli
- C. The thin walls of the alveoli and extensive capillary network
- D. The large number of intercostal muscles surrounding them
4. During exhalation, which of the following occurs to create a pressure gradient that forces air out of the lungs?
- A. The diaphragm contracts further and the external intercostal muscles relax
- B. The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domed shape whilst external intercostal muscles relax
- C. The internal intercostal muscles contract and the ribs move upwards
- D. The trachea constricts to increase air pressure
5. A long-term smoker develops emphysema. Which component of tobacco smoke directly causes damage to the alveolar walls, leading to their breakdown and loss of surface area?
- A. Nicotine, which constricts blood vessels in the lungs
- B. Tar, which contains carcinogenic substances that destroy elastic tissue in alveolar walls
- C. Carbon monoxide, which prevents oxygen transport in the blood
- D. Water vapour, which causes fluid accumulation in the lungs