1. 1
   A GP is examining a patient with a persistent cough and is discussing the different types of pathogens that can cause respiratory infections.

   (a)

   Which type of pathogen causes tuberculosis?

   [1 mark]

   • AVirus
   • BBacteria
   • CFungus
   • DProtist

   (b)

   Which type of pathogen causes HIV/AIDS?

   [1 mark]

   • AVirus
   • BBacteria
   • CFungus
   • DProtist

   (c)

   Describe how bacteria can cause disease in the body.

   [2 marks]

   Total for question 1: 4 marks

2. 2
   A group of travellers is visiting a travel clinic before a trip to a region where malaria is common, to find out how the disease is spread and how to reduce their risk.

   (a)

   Which type of pathogen causes malaria?

   [1 mark]

   • ABacteria
   • BVirus
   • CFungus
   • DProtist

   (b)

   Which method of pathogen spread is responsible for transmitting malaria between people?

   [1 mark]

   • ADirect contact
   • BWater
   • CVector (insect bite)
   • DAir

   (c)

   Explain why avoiding mosquito bites reduces the risk of contracting malaria.

   [2 marks]

   Total for question 2: 4 marks

3. 3
   A dermatologist is investigating an outbreak of ringworm, a fungal skin infection, among members of a school gym.

   (a)

   Describe how ringworm is spread and describe two precautions that could reduce its spread in the gym.

   [3 marks]

   (b)

   Compare how bacteria and viruses cause disease in the body.

   [4 marks]

   Total for question 3: 7 marks

4. 4
   A public health officer is designing an education campaign to help the public understand the different types of pathogens and how the diseases they cause can be prevented.

   (a)

   Describe the four types of pathogen (bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists), giving an example disease caused by each, and explain how each disease is spread.

   [6 marks]

   (b)

   Explain how bacteria and viruses cause disease at a cellular level, and describe methods that can be used to reduce the spread of pathogens in a community.

   [6 marks]

   Total for question 4: 12 marks

End of questions