Types of mixtureIB MYP Chemistry: Flashcards
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What is a solute?
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- What is a solute?
- The substance that dissolves in a solvent.
- What is a solvent?
- The liquid that a solute dissolves in.
- What does 'soluble' mean?
- Able to dissolve in a particular solvent.
- What is a suspension?
- A mixture with insoluble particles that are large enough to see and settle on standing.
- What is a colloid?
- A mixture with particles that are spread through another substance, do not settle and cannot be filtered out.
- What is an emulsion?
- A colloid in which tiny droplets of one liquid are spread through another liquid, such as milk or mayonnaise.
- What does an emulsifier do?
- It stops the two liquids in an emulsion from separating.
- What is an alloy?
- A mixture of a metal with at least one other element, such as steel (iron and carbon).
- Why is an alloy harder than a pure metal?
- The atoms of the added element are a different size, so the layers of atoms cannot slide easily.
- What is solubility?
- The maximum mass of solute that dissolves in 100 g of solvent at a certain temperature.
- What is a saturated solution?
- A solution that has dissolved as much solute as it can at that temperature.
- How does the solubility of most solids change when the temperature rises?
- It increases.
- What does a solubility curve show?
- How the solubility of a substance changes with temperature.
- How do you find the mass of crystals formed when a saturated solution cools?
- Subtract the solubility at the lower temperature from the solubility at the higher temperature, scaled to the mass of water.
Exam questions on Types of mixture
- A student looks up how much of two solids dissolves in 100 g of water to make a saturated solution. Potassium nitrate: 32 g at 20 °C, 64 g at 40 °C, 109 g at 60 °C and 169 g at 80 °C. Sodium chloride: 36 g at 20 °C, 36 g at 40 °C, 37 g at 60 °C and 38 g at 80 °C.Describe how the effect of temperature on the solubility of sodium chloride differs from its effect on potassium nitrate.2 marks
- A food technologist classifies four products. Muddy river water has soil particles that can be seen and settle to the bottom after an hour. Sweet tea is clear, with the sugar particles too small to see. Mayonnaise has tiny droplets of oil spread through a water-based liquid and stays evenly mixed. A bronze coin is made by melting copper and tin together and letting the liquid solidify.Explain why bronze is classed as an alloy and as a mixture.2 marks
- A student investigates how temperature affects how much potassium nitrate dissolves. She warms 20 g of water to each chosen temperature in a water bath, adds potassium nitrate in small portions while stirring, and records the total mass added when some solid will no longer dissolve. The total masses dissolved in 20 g of water were: 6.4 g at 20 °C, 12.8 g at 40 °C, 21.8 g at 60 °C and 33.8 g at 80 °C.Describe the pattern in the results, using data from the investigation.3 marks
Written by the Exaim team, led by Shaun Daswani (Head of Upper Secondary, Improve ME Institute; MSc Financial Mathematics, Imperial College London; BSc, UCL) and Jason Daswani (operational lead, Improve ME Institute; LSE).