Structure of eukaryotic cellsAQA A-Level Biology: Mind map

Exam questions on Structure of eukaryotic cells

1. A phagocyte is a white blood cell that engulfs bacteria and digests them using hydrolytic enzymes. The enzymes are proteins that the cell makes itself.
   Suggest why the hydrolytic enzymes of the phagocyte are enclosed inside lysosomes, rather than free in the cytoplasm.2 marks
2. Chlorella is a single-celled green alga that lives in freshwater ponds. Its cells have a cell wall, a chloroplast, a nucleus and a cell vacuole, and are surrounded by dilute pond water.
   Water tends to enter Chlorella cells from the dilute pond water, but the cells do not burst. Explain why.2 marks
3. The liver is an organ of the digestive system. Its main cells, hepatocytes, have a high metabolic rate and carry out many functions, including the synthesis of lipids. Under the electron microscope hepatocytes show many mitochondria and a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
   Explain how the large number of mitochondria and the large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum adapt the hepatocyte to its functions.3 marks