AcidsEdexcel GCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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What ion do acids release in solution?

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What ion do acids release in solution?: Hydrogen ions, H+.
What ion do alkalis release in solution?: Hydroxide ions, OH−.
What pH does a neutral solution have?: pH 7.
What colour does litmus turn in an acid and in an alkali?: Red in acid, blue in alkali.
What colour does phenolphthalein turn in an acid and in an alkali?: Colourless in acid, pink in alkali.
What is the difference between 'dilute' and 'concentrated'?: They describe the amount of substance dissolved in a given volume — dilute is a small amount, concentrated is a large amount.
What is the difference between a 'weak' and a 'strong' acid?: A strong acid fully dissociates into ions in solution; a weak acid only partially dissociates.
Define a base.: Any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only.
Write the general word equation for acid + metal carbonate.: Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide.
Write the ionic equation for neutralisation.: H+ + OH− → H2O.
What is the chemical test for carbon dioxide?: Bubble the gas through limewater — it turns cloudy/milky.
What is the chemical test for hydrogen gas?: Hold a lit splint at the mouth of the test tube — a squeaky pop confirms hydrogen.
How do you prepare a soluble salt from an insoluble base?: Add excess base to the acid so all the acid reacts, filter off the excess, then evaporate/crystallise the remaining solution.
Why is titration used to prepare a salt from a soluble reactant?: Because both reactants are soluble, so excess cannot be filtered off — titration ensures the exact volumes needed for neutralisation.
According to solubility rules, are lead sulfate and lead chloride soluble or insoluble?: Insoluble — lead salts are exceptions to the general solubility of sulfates and chlorides.