Reversible Reactions & EquilibriaEdexcel GCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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What symbol is used to show a reversible reaction?

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What symbol is used to show a reversible reaction?: ⇌
What can alter the direction a reversible reaction proceeds in?: Changing the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure or concentration.
Define dynamic equilibrium.: A state in a closed system where the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate, so concentrations of reactants and products stay constant.
Is a reaction at equilibrium still occurring?: Yes — both the forward and backward reactions are still happening, just at equal rates.
Write the equation for the formation of ammonia.: N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
Where does the nitrogen for the Haber process come from?: Extracted from the air.
Where does the hydrogen for the Haber process come from?: Obtained from natural gas.
State the temperature used in the Haber process.: 450 °C.
State the pressure used in the Haber process.: 200 atmospheres.
What catalyst is used in the Haber process?: Iron.
(Higher) How does increasing temperature affect the position of equilibrium?: It shifts equilibrium in the endothermic direction.
(Higher) How does increasing pressure affect the position of equilibrium in a gas reaction?: It shifts equilibrium towards the side with fewer gas molecules.
(Higher) How does increasing the concentration of a reactant affect equilibrium?: It shifts equilibrium towards the products, to use up the extra reactant.