HydrocarbonsEdexcel GCSE Chemistry: Flashcards
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What is an alkane?
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- What is an alkane?
- A hydrocarbon containing only single carbon-carbon bonds (saturated).
- Name the first four alkanes and their formulae.
- Methane CH4, ethane C2H6, propane C3H8, butane C4H10.
- What is an alkene?
- A hydrocarbon containing at least one C=C double bond (unsaturated).
- What is the functional group of alkenes?
- C=C (carbon-carbon double bond).
- Why are alkanes described as saturated?
- Because they contain only single bonds, so their carbon atoms hold the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms.
- What type of reaction occurs between ethene and bromine?
- An addition reaction — bromine adds across the C=C double bond to form 1,2-dibromoethane.
- How is bromine water used to distinguish alkanes from alkenes?
- Bromine water is decolourised by alkenes (addition reaction) but stays orange/brown with alkanes (no reaction).
- What are the products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
- Carbon dioxide and water, with energy released.
- Name the alkenes required by the spec.
- Ethene, propene, but-1-ene, but-2-ene.
- What is the molecular formula shared by but-1-ene and but-2-ene?
- C4H8 — they differ only in the position of the double bond.
- Is complete combustion of an alkene an oxidation reaction?
- Yes — the hydrocarbon is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water.