States of MatterEdexcel GCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

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Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.: Regular and closely packed, vibrating about fixed positions.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.: Randomly arranged, far apart, moving rapidly and randomly in all directions.
Which state of matter has particles with the highest energy?: Gas.
What is the name for the change from liquid to gas?: Boiling (or evaporating).
What is the name for the change from gas to liquid?: Condensing.
What is the name for a solid changing directly into a gas?: Subliming (sublimation).
Are state changes physical or chemical changes? Why?: Physical changes — no new substance is formed and they are generally reversible.
What happens to particle arrangement and movement during melting?: Particles gain energy, overcome some of the forces holding them in fixed positions, and begin moving around each other instead of just vibrating.
What happens to the temperature of a substance while it is actually changing state?: It stays constant — the energy input/output changes the arrangement of particles rather than the temperature.
How do you predict the state of a substance at a given temperature using its melting and boiling points?: Below the melting point it is a solid; between the melting and boiling points it is a liquid; above the boiling point it is a gas.
Describe how particles move in a liquid.: They move around each other, sliding past neighbouring particles, while staying close together.