3.2 Human impact on biodiversityIB Environmental Systems and Societies HL: Flashcards
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Direct or indirect: farmland runoff causing algal blooms in a lake?
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- Direct or indirect: farmland runoff causing algal blooms in a lake?
- Indirect: it changes the environment, which then harms organisms.
- Name three ways invasive species reduce biodiversity.
- Competition, predation, and introduced diseases or parasites.
- How did the brown tree snake affect Guam?
- It preyed on native birds, and 10 of 12 native forest bird species disappeared from most of the island.
- Which organisation publishes the Red List?
- The IUCN.
- What does Extinct in the Wild mean?
- The species survives only in captivity or outside its natural range.
- Define the tragedy of the commons.
- Overuse of a shared, unrestricted resource, because individuals gain while the cost is shared.
- (HL) Define a biodiversity hotspot.
- A region with at least 1,500 endemic vascular plant species that has lost at least 70% of its habitat.
- (HL) Why is habitat destruction in hotspots so damaging?
- Many species are endemic and specialised, so habitat loss can cause global extinction.
- (HL) What are key biodiversity areas?
- Areas identified as priorities because of the international importance of their species and habitats.
- (HL) What conflict occurs in KBAs?
- Between exploitation, sustainable development and conservation.
- (HL) Why can traditional indigenous land management be more sustainable?
- Built up over generations, with cultural values and stewardship, using practices that keep use within natural income.
- (HL) Name challenges facing indigenous land management.
- Population growth, economic development, climate change and lack of government support and protection.
- (HL) What is environmental justice in conservation?
- Fair treatment and involvement of all people, avoiding unjust displacement and sharing benefits.
- (HL) What does the loss of biosphere integrity boundary show?
- Species extinctions have already crossed a critical threshold.
- Give an example of a species whose Red List status improved.
- Arabian oryx (captive breeding and reintroduction).
Written by the Exaim team, led by Shaun Daswani (Head of Upper Secondary, Improve ME Institute; MSc Financial Mathematics, Imperial College London; BSc, UCL) and Jason Daswani (operational lead, Improve ME Institute; LSE).