HL.a Environmental lawIB Environmental Systems and Societies HL: Flashcards
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Question
Define law.
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- Define law.
- A rule that governs human behaviour and is enforced by social or governmental authority.
- What is environmental law?
- Rules about how humans use and impact natural resources, aiming to improve social and ecological sustainability.
- How can environmental law support environmental justice?
- By setting rules that protect people's right to a clean environment and fair access to resources; but approval can be difficult because of lobbying.
- Why can environmental laws be hard to approve?
- Lobbying by groups with opposing interests.
- Why does the success of environmental law vary?
- It is built into existing legal frameworks that differ from country to country.
- What is environmental constitutionalism?
- Introducing environmental rights and obligations into a constitution.
- At what levels can environmental laws be drafted?
- Local, national and international.
- Why is international law essential?
- It is a framework for transboundary pollution and resource management.
- What do UN conferences produce?
- Conventions that are legally binding, and protocols that may become legally binding on signatories.
- How can international agreements aid implementation?
- By generating institutions or organisations, e.g. the Multilateral Fund.
- Where has international environmental law been examined?
- In international courts and tribunals.
- Give an example of legal personhood for nature.
- The Whanganui River in New Zealand (Te Awa Tupua Act 2017).
- Why give legal personhood to natural entities?
- To strengthen environmental protection.
- How do legal and economic strategies work together?
- Laws set rules and economic measures give incentives, together supporting sustainable use.
Written by the Exaim team, led by Shaun Daswani (Head of Upper Secondary, Improve ME Institute; MSc Financial Mathematics, Imperial College London; BSc, UCL) and Jason Daswani (operational lead, Improve ME Institute; LSE).