5.2 Agriculture and foodIB Environmental Systems and Societies HL: Flashcards
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Define food security.
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- Define food security.
- Physical and economic availability of food allowing all individuals to get the balanced diet they need for an active and healthy life.
- What was the Green Revolution?
- 1950s–60s use of high-yielding crops with irrigation, synthetic fertiliser and pesticides to increase food security.
- Why are diets lower in trophic levels more sustainable?
- Energy is lost between trophic levels, so they need less land per unit of food energy.
- Name three global strategies for sustainable food supply.
- Reduce demand and food waste; reduce greenhouse gas emissions; increase productivity without more land.
- (HL) Why do farming choices differ between places?
- Local soils and climate differ.
- (HL) Name alternative farming approaches.
- Soil regeneration, rewilding, permaculture, non-commercial cropping and zero tillage.
- (HL) What is mob grazing?
- Grazing livestock intensively on a small area for a short time, then moving them on, to improve soil.
- (HL) How can pigs or chickens help in regenerative farming?
- They clear vegetation and plough the land, and spread dung.
- (HL) What is vertical farming and why does it matter?
- Stacked indoor growing with very high productivity, supplying food to urban areas.
- (HL) What affects the sustainability of a diet?
- Supply chain efficiency, distance food travels, type of farming and techniques, and societal diet change.
- (HL) Why might wild harvesting be sustainable?
- Traditional harvesting of wild species may be more sustainable than land conversion and cultivation.
- (HL) How should claims about traditional food systems be evaluated?
- Against the need to produce enough food to feed the wider global population.
- (HL) What forms of malnutrition exist?
- Diseases of undernourishment and of overnourishment.
- (HL) What causes food distribution patterns to vary?
- The functioning of the global food supply industry, affecting food quality and availability.
Written by the Exaim team, led by Shaun Daswani (Head of Upper Secondary, Improve ME Institute; MSc Financial Mathematics, Imperial College London; BSc, UCL) and Jason Daswani (operational lead, Improve ME Institute; LSE).