7.1 Natural resources — uses and managementIB Environmental Systems and Societies HL: Flashcards
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Define natural capital.
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- Define natural capital.
- The stock of natural resources available on Earth.
- Define natural income.
- The goods and services provided by natural capital, e.g. a sustainable harvest.
- What do the terms 'natural capital' and 'natural income' imply?
- A particular perspective on nature: as a resource to be valued and used by people.
- Give two ecosystem services.
- E.g. coastal protection by reefs, water regulation by forests, carbon storage, pollination.
- List five values of natural capital.
- Aesthetic, cultural, economic, environmental, health, intrinsic, social, spiritual, technological.
- Why is the value of natural capital dynamic?
- It changes over time with conditions, knowledge, technology and attitudes.
- Define resource security.
- The ability of societies to ensure the long-term availability of sufficient natural resources to meet demand.
- (HL) Give three strategies that influence society's use of natural capital.
- Laws and quotas, taxes or charges, subsidies, education.
- (HL) What do the SDGs provide?
- A framework for action by all countries, in global partnership, on natural resource use and management.
- (HL) What is an EIA?
- An assessment of a project's likely environmental and social impacts, used to address sustainable resource management.
- (HL) Why does making an EIA public matter?
- It lets local citizens take a role as stakeholders in decision-making.
- (HL) Why might a renewable resource be unsustainable?
- The extraction, harvesting, transport or processing may cause damage, e.g. forest cleared for palm oil.
- (HL) Why do economic interests threaten sustainability?
- They often favour short-term production and consumption over long-term sustainability.
- (HL) What can resource insecurity lead to?
- Hindered development, environmental degradation, and geopolitical tensions and conflict.
- (HL) Three ways to achieve resource security.
- Reduce demand, increase supply, or change technologies.
Written by the Exaim team, led by Shaun Daswani (Head of Upper Secondary, Improve ME Institute; MSc Financial Mathematics, Imperial College London; BSc, UCL) and Jason Daswani (operational lead, Improve ME Institute; LSE).